Athenian Military - The elaborate breastplates of the most famous citizens of Athens were lined with interlocking copper scales of various sizes, while the edges of the various sections were decorated with colorful ornaments. The officer's Corinthian helmet is two-tone, the cap left copper color and the mask painted black for impressions. The raised column of the helmet gives the officer a taller stature, while his metal shield is decorated with a white bull's head, one of the most famous symbols of the Athenians.
A Spartan officer wears breastplates with metal shoulders, an open helmet with the distinctive inverted plume of the Doric rank, a shield with the Greek letter Λ (Λακεδαίμον - Lacedaemon) on the outside, and brass rivets with leather bands.
Athenian Military
Most of the Plataean warriors were between the ages of 18 and 25 and wore long cloaks, unadorned Corinthian helmets, tall copper sashes and shields, or Boeotian insignia.
Themistocles Athenian Statesman And Military Commander Published 1880 Stock Illustration
He has a peaked Attic-type helmet, light linen armor with leather wings, high brass sashes, and a shield with a woolen veil attached to protect his lower limbs from enemy arrows. His offensive weapons are a long spear and a sword.
All Spartan hoplites of this period of the Middle Wars wore red clothing, bell-shaped brass armor, rivets, a shield, and a closed Corinthian helmet.
On the shields of the hoplites, the guardian god of Ilias, Zeus, and his symbol, the eagle, were depicted. Illia's chosen hoplites wore peaked helmets with a decorated "pediment" above the cornice. The armor is complemented by typical breastplates.
The Lacedaemonian warrior wears a helmet with the characteristic inverted Doric plume, a bull's-head shield (considered one of the eight emblems that marked Spartan units), an early breastplate, and brass rivets.
Athens Military Guards Goose Step Arms Raised Editorial Photo
A classical 5th century Greek naval soldier wore only basic protective armor (shield and helmet) so that he could swim safely without excess weight if the ship sank. His offensive weapon was a heavy knife, a typical weapon of the Median Wars.
This presentation is based on Boeotian coins. The hoplite wears a unique Boeotian helmet with wide brims and cheeks, a leather breastplate, a shield with the symbol of Hercules' bat, high leather boots (outside Boeotia, high boots were characteristic of horsemen and swordsmen.
The backbone of Alexander the Great's army were the spearmen who fought in the huge Macedonian phalanx. This phalanx was equipped with a bronze helmet, a bronze breastplate worn over a leather sleeve, and bronze sashes. They carried smaller shields than the southern Greek hoplites, about two feet long, which they slung over their shoulders, leaving both hands free to wield the sarissa, a long spear made of skull wood about 20 feet long and weighing up to . 8 kg. Ancient Greek weapons and armor were mainly aimed at fighting between individuals. Their primary technique was called the phalanx, a formation consisting of a massive shield wall that required heavy frontal armor and medium-range weapons such as spears.
However, the lack of an official peacekeeping force meant that most Greek citizens carried weapons for self-defense.
Athens Vs. Sparta
As individuals provided their own equipment, there was considerable variety in weapons and armor among the Hellish forces.
The poorest civilians, unable to afford to purchase or maintain military equipment, served as psilos or pilasters on the battlefield; fast, mobile skirmish troops.
Weapons using copper were obsolete by then. This is because copper was very weak compared to iron and bronze weapons. Iron returned many times, enabling the smaller nations of Greece to arm themselves with lighter and stronger weapons than copper. Bronze was still used, but was rare because it was very hard to find tin, which is why the weapons of ancient Greece were made of iron and copper. This will help them in the Greco-Persian wars.
Paintings of Ancient Macedonian Soldiers, Arms and Weapons, from the Tomb of Saint Athanasius, Thessaloniki, Greece, BC.
Greek Independence Military Parade Will Only Occur In Athens
The main weapon used by the Greek troops was a 2- to 10-foot spear with a blade at one end and a short point at the other, known as a doru. The tip of the spear was usually made of bronze or iron, but which was most prominently used is still a matter of debate. The short point was known as the saurotir or "lizard killer" and is believed to have served primarily to finish off wounded opponents on the ground as the phalanx advanced or as a spearhead if the main spear broke. The doru was used with one hand (the other hand held the soldier's shield).
Mounted cavalry were known to use a thinner lance or a very long lance (xiston), which gave them an advantage over the shorter lances of the infantry.
During the reign of Philip II of Macedon, hoplites were equipped with extremely long spears (up to 21 feet) called sarissa. Used with a phalanx formation, this formed an impregnable wall of spears for the infantry; the shorter arms of the enemy could not reach the phalanx because of the sarissas.
As a secondary weapon, hoplites are known to have carried a short sword known as a xiphos, made of iron or bronze depending on the era. This was used in case of a broken spear or when close combat was required.
Greek Military Parade Editorial Photo. Image Of Historic
Hoplites on horseback probably used a heavier, curved sword known as a kopis, which means "helicopter" in Greek.
Light infantry, known as paltasters, carried a series of lances that were used to pierce enemy formations, avoiding close combat if possible. It was not the peltast's business to fight formation battles, so many carried spears.
Hand-to-hand, light support troops such as psiloi were often armed with ranged weapons. Popular ranged weapons were the bow (toxa), the spear (akontia), and the sling (sfdonai). Although the bow was a relatively uncommon weapon (the wooden stave bow used had limited range), some troops treated their arrows by shooting them into decomposing corpses, creating a crude form of biological weaponry.
Peltast troops usually used javelins, and hoplites and cavalry troops were also often equipped with javelins for throwing. The spears used were light spears about 5 feet long with a bronze head to aid in locating the weapon. they were usually cast by obfuscation.
Ancient Bas Relief
Ancient Macedonian Paintings of Hellistic Age Military Armour, Weapons and Equipment from the Tomb of Lyson and Callicles at Ancient Myesia (modern Lefkadia), Imathia, Central Macedonia, Greece, dated BC. In the 2nd century.
Linothorax armor, made of linen cloth, was the most common form of infantry body armor, being cheap and relatively light. Bronze breastplate was also used, in forms such as the belcuras. Little other armor was worn, and fatal blows to unprotected areas (such as the bladder or neck) are recorded in ancient art and poetry.
Cavalry armor is designed for light weight. Over a sleeveless dress called a chitoniskos, a cavalry soldier wore a muscle cast designed to leave the arms as free as possible.
Hoplites wore shinplates to protect the lower leg like cavalry, but otherwise the torso and head were the only parts of the body protected by armor.
How The Us Army Became More Spartan, Less Athenian
The most important piece of armor was the aspis, a large, round shield usually made of bronze, wood, and leather. The horse was about a meter in diameter and weighed about 7.3 kg (16 lb), which made it uncomfortable to hold for long periods of time.
Peltasts were armed with reed shields called pelte, which were much lighter, allowing them greater mobility on the battlefield. These were designed to protect against penetrating javelins from opposing volleys, not necessarily to deflect a javelin or sword strike.
Helmets for infantry were of various types. The earliest standard hoplite helmet was the Corinthian helmet, developed around 600 BC.
It was later replaced by the Phrygian and Chalcidian helmets, which were lighter and did not impair the wearer's vision or hearing as much. Helmets often had a comb of horsehair for decoration and additional protection. The Boeotian helmet was often used by cavalry troops due to the need for unobstructed vision and hearing. Helmets were mainly used to protect the head, but left the eyes, mouth and nose unprotected. The photo. The destruction of the Athenian army by Syracuse in B.C. 413 as a result, the Athenian generals Nicias and Demosthenes died.
Athens And Sparta
BC In the 5th century, two major Greek city-states fought a decades-long war for supremacy. Opposing approaches to war and peace were at stake.
The wars fought by Sparta and Athens in the fifth century BC pitted the city-state with the largest army in ancient Greece against the city-state with its most powerful navy. However, Spartan and Athenian soldiers followed modes of warfare that were far more different than a simple preference for fighting on land over sea. In fact, the distinctive approaches to combat by the Spartan hoplite and the Athenian soldier covered a wide range
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